Physical Effects Modelling

Physical Effects and Consequence Modelling

Loss of containment of hazardous materials can lead to fires, explosions, smoke, or toxic gas dispersion, creating major risks for people, the environment, and assets. We use a full range of consequence modelling approaches, from empirical methods to advanced 3D CFD simulations, to predict physical effects, assess impacts, and help reduce risks effectively.

Bowtie Analysis

Bowtie analysis provides a visually intuitive, structured approach to understanding how hazards can lead to major accident events and how barriers prevent or mitigate these outcomes. By mapping threats, consequences, and barriers, bowtie diagrams foster engagement, ownership, and accountability at all organisational levels. Our expertise in bowtie analysis helps organisations strengthen barrier management, demonstrate ALARP, and proactively manage operational risk.

ALARP Demonstration

The ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) principle ensures that industrial risks are reduced to a level where further measures would be grossly disproportionate to the additional safety benefit. ALARP demonstration balances risk reduction, cost, and effort, helping organisations choose sensible, justifiable controls. This approach underpins major accident hazard regulations and is embedded in frameworks like the UK Health and Safety at Work Act, COMAH Regulations, Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations, Seveso III Directive, HSE HSG 65, ISO 31000, and ISO 45001.

Air Emissions Risk Assessment

Air quality assessments use atmospheric dispersion modelling to evaluate the impact of industrial emissions on local air quality, human health, and sensitive ecosystems. Following UK Environment Agency guidance, including screening and detailed assessments, these studies support environmental permit applications, compliance strategies, emissions reduction plans, and sustainable development.

COMAH Services

The COMAH (Control of Major Accident Hazards) Regulations apply to UK facilities handling significant quantities of dangerous substances. Achieving COMAH compliance means demonstrating robust safety management systems, effective risk reduction, and emergency preparedness to protect people and the environment from major accident hazards, aligned with UK legislation and European Seveso III requirements.

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) systematically estimates the likelihood and consequences of hazardous events, including fires, explosions, and toxic releases. QRA provides a robust, data-driven basis for managing safety, environmental, and economic risks in high-hazard industries, supporting ALARP demonstration and informed decision-making.