Physical Effects and Consequence Modelling

Loss of containment of hazardous materials can lead to fires, explosions, smoke, or toxic gas dispersion, creating major risks for people, the environment, and assets. We use a full range of consequence modelling approaches, from empirical methods to advanced 3D CFD simulations, to predict physical effects, assess impacts, and help reduce risks effectively.

Service information

Use empirical consequence models for initial screening studies and feasibility advice for quick, initial assessments
Apply industry standard empirical and phenomelogical consequence modelling software such as PHAST, FRED and EFFECTS
Adopt 3D CFD simulations for high-consequence, complex scenarios, where terrain and geometry influence the effects
Calculate the thermal radiation distances of jet fires and pool fires
Calculate vapour cloud explosion (VCE) overpressure and impulse
Calculate vessel burst and Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) overpressure, impulse, fireball and missile trajectories
Model dispersion of flammable gas, toxic gas, and smoke
Model indoor dispersion and gas accumulation, including ventilation effectiveness assessments
Calculate cryogenic releases, including vapour cloud formation and liquid spill zones to inform cryogenic hazard management
Evaluate subsea releases and surface dispersion following industry guidance
Calculate design accident loads (DAL) to provide deterministic and risk-based input to the design basis
Undertake flare and vent studies focusing on dispersion and thermal radiation
Calculate dropped object risks referencing DNV-RP and NORSOK standards
Advise on risk reduction techniques to minimise potential damage following ALARP principles

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